Biomarkers

Blood and urine biomarkers are analyzed from a single sample, and results are delivered in absolute concentration units.

Download blood and urine biomarker lists:

Clinically validated blood biomarkers

Cholesterol
Total cholesterol
mmol/l
VLDL cholesterol mmol/l
mmol/l
Clinical LDL cholesterol
mmol/l
HDL cholesterol
mmol/l
Triglycerides

Triglycerides
mmol/l
Fatty acids

Total fatty acids
mmol/l
Omega-3 fatty acids
mmol/l
Omega-6 fatty acids
mmol/l
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
mmol/l
Monounsaturated fatty acids
mmol/l
Saturated fatty acids
mmol/l
Docosahexaenoic acid
mmol/l
Linoleic acid
mmol/l
Fatty acid ratios

Ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids
%
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids
%
Ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids
%
Apolipoproteins

Apolipoprotein B
g/l
Apolipoprotein A1
g/l
Ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1
ratio
Amino acids

Alanine
mmol/l
Glycine
mmol/l
Histidine
mmol/l
Branched-chain amino acids

Total concentration of branched-chain amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine)
mmol/l
Isoleucine
mmol/l
Leucine
mmol/l
Valine
mmol/l
Aromatic amino acids

Phenylalanine
mmol/l
Tyrosine
mmol/l
Glycolysis related metabolites

Glucose
mmol/l
Lactate
mmol/l
Fluid balance

Creatinine
mmol/l
Albumin
g/l
Inflammation

Glycoprotein acetyls
mmol/l

All blood biomarkers

Cholesterol
Total cholesterol
mmol/l
Total cholesterol minus HDL-C
mmol/l
Remnant cholesterol (non-HDL, non-LDL -cholesterol)
mmol/l
VLDL cholesterol
mmol/l
Clinical LDL cholesterol
mmol/l
LDL cholesterol
mmol/l
HDL cholesterol
mmol/l
Triglycerides

Total triglycerides
mmol/l
Triglycerides in VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in LDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in HDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids

Total phospholipids in lipoprotein particles
mmol/l
Phospholipids in VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in LDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in HDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters

Total esterified cholesterol
mmol/l
Cholesterol esters in VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol esters in LDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol esters in HDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol

Total free cholesterol
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in LDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in HDL
mmol/l
Total lipids

Total lipids in lipoprotein particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in VLDL
mmol/l
Total lipids in LDL
mmol/l
Total lipids in HDL
mmol/l
Lipoprotein particle concentrations

Total concentration of lipoprotein particles
mmol/l
Concentration of VLDL particles
mmol/l
Concentration of LDL particles
mmol/l
Concentration of HDL particles
mmol/l
Lipoprotein particle sizes

Average diameter for VLDL particles
nm
Average diameter for LDL particles
nm
Average diameter for HDL particles
nm
Other lipids

Phosphoglycerides
mmol/l
Ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides
ratio
Total cholines
mmol/l

Phosphatidylcholines

mmol/l
Sphingomyelins
mmol/l
Apolipoproteins

Apolipoprotein B
g/l
Apolipoprotein A1
g/l
Ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1
ratio
Fatty acids

Total fatty acids
mmol/l
Degree of unsaturation
degree
Omega-3 fatty acids
mmol/l
Omega-6 fatty acids
mmol/l
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
mmol/l
Monounsaturated fatty acids
mmol/l
Saturated fatty acids
mmol/l
Linoleic acid
mmol/l
Docosahexaenoic acid
mmol/l
Fatty acid ratios

Ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of saturated fatty acids to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of linoleic acid to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of docosahexaenoic acid to total fatty acids
%
Ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids
ratio
Ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids
ratio
Amino acids

Alanine

Glutamine
mmol/l
Glycine
mmol/l
Histidine
mmol/l
Branched-chain amino acids

Total concentration of branded -chain amino acids (leucine + isoleucine + valine)
mmol/l
Isoleucine
mmol/l
Leucine
mmol/l
Valine
mmol/l
Aromatic amino acids

Phenylalanine
mmol/l
Tyrosine
mmol/l
Glycolysis related metabolites

Glucose
mmol/l
Lactate
mmol/l
Pyruvate
mmol/l
Citrate **
mmol/l
Glycerol *
mmol/l
Ketone bodies

3-Hydroxybutyrate
mmol/l
Acetate
mmol/l
Acetoacetate
mmol/l
Acetone
mmol/l
Fluid balance

Creatinine
mmol/l
Albumin
g/l
Inflammation

Glycoprotein acetyls
mmol/l
Lipoprotein subclasses

Chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
(particle diameters from 75 nm upwards)


Concentration of chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
mmol/l
Very large VLDL (average diameter 64 nm)

Concentration of very large VLDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in very large VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in very large VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in very large VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in very large VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in very large VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in very large VLDL
mmol/l
Large VLDL (average diameter 53.6 nm)

Concentration of large VLDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in large VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in large VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in large VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in large VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in large VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in large VLDL
mmol/l
Medium VLDL (average diameter 44.5 nm)

Concentration of medium VLDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in medium VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in medium VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in medium VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in medium VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in medium VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in medium VLDL
mmol/l
Small VLDL (average diameter 36.8 nm)

Concentration of small VLDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in small VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in small VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in small VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in small VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in small VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in small VLDL
mmol/l
Very small VLDL (average diameter 31.3 nm)

Concentration of very small VLDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in very small VLDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in very small VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in very small VLDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in very small VLDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in very small VLDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in very small VLDL
mmol/l
IDL (average diameter 28.6 nm)

Concentration of IDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in IDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in IDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in IDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in IDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in IDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in IDL
mmol/l
Large LDL (average diameter 25.5 nm)

Concentration of large LDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in large LDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in large LDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in large LDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in large LDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in large LDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in large LDL
mmol/l
Medium LDL (average diameter 23 nm)

Concentration of medium LDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in medium LDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in medium LDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in medium LDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in medium LDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in medium LDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in medium LDL
mmol/l
Small LDL (average diameter 18.7 nm)

Concentration of small LDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in small LDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in small LDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in small LDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in small LDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in small LDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in small LDL
mmol/l
Very large HDL (average diameter 14.3 nm)

Concentration of very large HDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in very large HDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in very large HDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in very large HDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in very large HDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in very large HDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in very large HDL
mmol/l
Large HDL (average diameter 12.1 nm)

Concentration of large HDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in large HDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in large HDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in large HDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in large HDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in large HDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in large HDL
mmol/l
Medium HDL (average diameter 10.9 nm)

Concentration of medium HDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in medium HDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in medium HDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in medium HDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in medium HDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in medium HDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in medium HDL
mmol/l
Small HDL (average diameter 8.7 nm)

Concentration of small HDL particles
mmol/l
Total lipids in small HDL
mmol/l
Phospholipids in small HDL
mmol/l
Cholesterol in small HDL
mmol/l
Cholesteryl esters in small HDL
mmol/l
Free cholesterol in small HDL
mmol/l
Triglycerides in small HDL
mmol/l
Relative lipoprotein lipid concentrations

Chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in chylomicrons and extremely large VLDL
%
Very large VLDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large VLDL
%
Large VLDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large VLDL
%
Medium VLDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium VLDL
%
Small VLDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small VLDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small VLDL

Very small VLDL ratios
%
Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very small VLDL
%
IDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in IDL
%
Large LDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large LDL
%
Medium LDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium LDL
%
Small LDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small LDL
%
Very large HDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in very large HDL
%
Large HDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in large HDL
%
Medium HDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in medium HDL
%
Small HDL ratios

Phospholipids to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
Cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
Cholesteryl esters to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
Free cholesterol to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%
Triglycerides to total lipids ratio in small HDL
%

All listed biomarkers are available for Serum and Heparin plasma samples.

Biomarkers marked with * are not available for EDTA plasma samples.
Biomarkers marked with ** are not available for Citrate plasma samples.

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